PHYTOHORMONAL STATUS AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF COMMON WHEAT UNDER THE ACTION OF VIRUS INFECTION
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the formation of wheat grain productivity under the influence of artificial infection with wheat streak mosaic virus(WSMV) on the functional links of the plant organism: the content of phytohormones IAA and ABA and their ratio, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of autumn and spring sowing of emmer wheat (winter and spring), structural indicators of the yield. Research methods: Microbiological, molecular genetics, electron microscopic, biometric, statistical. Results. The presence of wheat streak mosaic virus in wheat leaves with WSMV symptoms was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was found that the ratio of phytohormones IAA/ABA in the leaves changed depending on autumn or spring sowing of wheat and WSMV infection. It was established that both in autumn (winter) and spring (spring) sowing of common wheat, a general dynamic of changes was observed – an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes from 14 to 21 days and a decrease on day 28 in healthy and infected plants. The studies established a significant suppression of the value of the main structural indicators of productivity of common wheat under the influence of WSMV infection: a decrease in the number of productive shoots, stem height, number of spikelets in the spike, length, and number of grains in the main spike, mass of grains of the main and lateral spike, mass of 1000 grains. Conclusions. It was established that healthy and virus-infected plants of winter-spring wheat under different sowing methods – autumn or spring – had similar dynamics of changes in the content of phytohormones in leaves and the activity of antioxidant enzymes but differed in their ratio. It was found that, in terms of the effect on productivity elements of common wheat grown in different sowing seasons – in spring or autumn – had different sensitivity to viral infection. Greater tolerance to infection by WSMV was found in autumn-sown (winter) wheat plants.
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